Key Insights
The global thermal insulation coatings market, currently valued at approximately $10 billion (2025), is projected to experience robust growth, exhibiting a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 5.6% from 2025 to 2033. This expansion is driven by several key factors. The increasing demand for energy-efficient buildings and industrial facilities, coupled with stringent environmental regulations promoting reduced carbon emissions, significantly fuels market growth. Furthermore, the rising adoption of thermal insulation coatings in diverse sectors like automotive (for improved fuel efficiency) and marine (for corrosion protection and enhanced thermal management) contributes to the market's upward trajectory. Technological advancements leading to the development of high-performance, eco-friendly coatings with enhanced durability and application ease also play a crucial role. While the initial investment in specialized application equipment might pose a slight restraint, the long-term cost savings associated with reduced energy consumption readily outweigh this initial hurdle. Market segmentation reveals a strong preference for acrylic and polyurethane resins due to their cost-effectiveness and versatile performance characteristics. The building and construction sector remains the largest end-user, followed by the industrial/manufacturing sector, reflecting the widespread adoption of energy efficiency measures across various industries. Geographic analysis suggests North America and Europe currently hold significant market shares, but the Asia-Pacific region is poised for substantial growth driven by rapid industrialization and urbanization within key economies like China and India.
The competitive landscape is marked by the presence of both established players and specialized manufacturers. Companies such as Sherwin-Williams, Caparol, Jotun, and PPG Industries are major contributors, leveraging their extensive distribution networks and brand recognition. However, the market is also witnessing the emergence of innovative companies focusing on specialized formulations and niche applications, thereby increasing competition and accelerating product innovation. Looking ahead, the market's future growth hinges on continued technological advancements, the successful integration of sustainable practices within the manufacturing process, and the expansion into emerging markets with high growth potential. The focus on developing coatings with improved thermal performance, enhanced longevity, and reduced environmental impact will continue to be critical for success in this dynamic market.

Thermal Insulation Coatings Market: A Comprehensive Report (2019-2033)
This in-depth report provides a comprehensive analysis of the Thermal Insulation Coatings market, encompassing market dynamics, growth trends, regional dominance, product landscapes, and key player strategies. The study covers the period 2019-2033, with a base year of 2025 and a forecast period of 2025-2033. The market is segmented by resin type (Acrylic, Epoxy, Polyurethane, Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ), Other Resins) and end-user industry (Building and Construction, Industrial/Manufacturing, Automotive, Marine, Other End-user Industries). The report projects a market value of XX billion by 2033.
Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Dynamics & Structure
The Thermal Insulation Coatings market is characterized by moderate concentration, with key players holding significant market share. Technological innovation, driven by the need for improved energy efficiency and sustainability, is a major growth driver. Stringent environmental regulations, particularly concerning volatile organic compounds (VOCs), are shaping product development. Competitive substitutes, such as traditional insulation materials, present ongoing challenges. The market is witnessing increased M&A activity, as evidenced by the acquisition of Tikkurila by PPG Industries in 2021, aiming for market expansion and product diversification. End-user demographics, primarily driven by the building & construction sector's growth, are influencing market demand.
- Market Concentration: Moderately concentrated, with the top 5 players holding approximately xx% market share in 2025.
- Technological Innovation: Focus on developing low-VOC, high-performance coatings with enhanced thermal insulation properties.
- Regulatory Framework: Stringent environmental regulations are driving the adoption of eco-friendly coatings.
- Competitive Substitutes: Traditional insulation materials (e.g., fiberglass, mineral wool) pose a competitive threat.
- M&A Activity: xx major M&A deals were recorded between 2019 and 2024, indicating consolidation in the market.
- End-User Demographics: Growth in the construction and industrial sectors are key drivers for market demand.
Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Growth Trends & Insights
The Thermal Insulation Coatings market exhibits strong growth potential, fueled by increasing energy costs, stricter building codes, and growing awareness of sustainable construction practices. Market size expanded from XX billion in 2019 to XX billion in 2024, representing a CAGR of xx%. Adoption rates are increasing steadily across various end-user segments, especially in the building & construction sector. Technological advancements, such as the development of nanomaterials and advanced polymer blends, are enhancing coating performance. Consumer behavior is shifting toward energy-efficient and sustainable building solutions, benefiting the market. The market is expected to reach XX billion by 2033, driven by a CAGR of xx% during the forecast period. Market penetration remains relatively low in some emerging markets, providing significant growth opportunities.

Dominant Regions, Countries, or Segments in Thermal Insulation Coatings Market
North America and Europe currently dominate the Thermal Insulation Coatings market, driven by robust construction activities, stringent energy efficiency regulations, and high consumer awareness. Within resin types, Acrylic and Polyurethane coatings hold the largest market shares due to their cost-effectiveness and versatility. The Building and Construction segment remains the largest end-user, owing to the extensive use of thermal insulation coatings in new construction and renovation projects. Asia Pacific is projected to show substantial growth in the forecast period, driven by rapid infrastructure development and industrial expansion.
- Key Drivers: Stringent building codes, government incentives for energy efficiency, and increasing urbanization.
- Dominance Factors: North America and Europe hold significant market shares due to established infrastructure and higher consumer awareness.
- Growth Potential: Asia Pacific is poised for rapid growth due to economic expansion and infrastructure development.
- Market Share: Building & Construction segment holds the largest market share (xx%), followed by Industrial/Manufacturing (xx%).
Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Product Landscape
The Thermal Insulation Coatings market offers a range of products with varying performance characteristics and application methods. Innovations focus on improving thermal resistance, reducing VOC emissions, and enhancing durability. Advanced formulations incorporating nanomaterials and specialized polymers are enhancing coating properties. Unique selling propositions include superior energy efficiency, reduced maintenance costs, and improved aesthetic appeal. Technological advancements are driving the development of self-healing coatings and coatings with integrated functionalities, such as fire resistance.
Key Drivers, Barriers & Challenges in Thermal Insulation Coatings Market
Key Drivers:
- Growing demand for energy-efficient buildings and industrial facilities.
- Increasing awareness of climate change and sustainability.
- Stringent government regulations promoting energy conservation.
Challenges & Restraints:
- High initial investment costs for application.
- Potential supply chain disruptions affecting raw material availability.
- Competition from traditional insulation materials.
Emerging Opportunities in Thermal Insulation Coatings Market
Emerging opportunities lie in developing specialized coatings for unique applications, such as passive houses and green buildings. Expansion into untapped markets in developing economies presents significant growth potential. The development of smart coatings with integrated sensors for real-time monitoring of thermal performance offers exciting prospects. Consumer preferences for sustainable and eco-friendly products will continue to drive innovation in the market.
Growth Accelerators in the Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Industry
Technological breakthroughs, such as the development of advanced materials and application techniques, are accelerating market growth. Strategic partnerships between coating manufacturers and construction companies are fostering innovation and market penetration. Market expansion into new geographic regions and the development of specialized coatings for niche applications are key growth drivers.
Key Players Shaping the Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Market
- The Sherwin-Williams Company
- Caparol
- Jotun
- Mascoat
- PPG Industries Inc
- Nippon Paint Holdings Co Ltd
- Dow
- Sharpshell Industrial Solutions
- AkzoNobel NV
- SIKA AG
- Carboline
- Synavax
Notable Milestones in Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Sector
- June 2021: PPG Industries Inc. completed its acquisition of Tikkurila, expanding its product portfolio and market reach.
In-Depth Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Market Outlook
The Thermal Insulation Coatings market is poised for sustained growth, driven by the global focus on energy efficiency and sustainability. Strategic partnerships, technological advancements, and market expansion into emerging economies will shape the future of the market. Opportunities exist in developing specialized coatings for various applications, including aerospace and renewable energy sectors. The market is anticipated to witness significant expansion in the coming years, providing lucrative opportunities for established players and new entrants alike.
Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Segmentation
-
1. Resin
- 1.1. Acrylic
- 1.2. Epoxy
- 1.3. Polyurethane
- 1.4. Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ)
- 1.5. Other Resins
-
2. End-user Industry
- 2.1. Building and Construction
- 2.2. Industrial/Manufacturing
- 2.3. Automotive
- 2.4. Marine
- 2.5. Other End-user Industries
Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Segmentation By Geography
-
1. Asia Pacific
- 1.1. China
- 1.2. India
- 1.3. Japan
- 1.4. South Korea
- 1.5. Rest of Asia Pacific
-
2. North America
- 2.1. United States
- 2.2. Canada
- 2.3. Mexico
-
3. Europe
- 3.1. Germany
- 3.2. United Kingdom
- 3.3. Italy
- 3.4. France
- 3.5. Rest of Europe
-
4. South America
- 4.1. Brazil
- 4.2. Argentina
- 4.3. Rest of South America
- 5. Middle East
-
6. Saudi Arabia
- 6.1. South Africa
- 6.2. Rest of Middle East

Thermal Insulation Coatings Market REPORT HIGHLIGHTS
Aspects | Details |
---|---|
Study Period | 2019-2033 |
Base Year | 2024 |
Estimated Year | 2025 |
Forecast Period | 2025-2033 |
Historical Period | 2019-2024 |
Growth Rate | CAGR of 5.6% from 2019-2033 |
Segmentation |
|
Table of Contents
- 1. Introduction
- 1.1. Research Scope
- 1.2. Market Segmentation
- 1.3. Research Methodology
- 1.4. Definitions and Assumptions
- 2. Executive Summary
- 2.1. Introduction
- 3. Market Dynamics
- 3.1. Introduction
- 3.2. Market Drivers
- 3.2.1. Construction of New Refineries; Increasing Demand in the Construction Industry
- 3.3. Market Restrains
- 3.3.1. High Capital Requirement
- 3.4. Market Trends
- 3.4.1. Industrial/Manufacturing Segment to Dominate the Market
- 4. Market Factor Analysis
- 4.1. Porters Five Forces
- 4.2. Supply/Value Chain
- 4.3. PESTEL analysis
- 4.4. Market Entropy
- 4.5. Patent/Trademark Analysis
- 5. Global Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 5.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Resin
- 5.1.1. Acrylic
- 5.1.2. Epoxy
- 5.1.3. Polyurethane
- 5.1.4. Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ)
- 5.1.5. Other Resins
- 5.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by End-user Industry
- 5.2.1. Building and Construction
- 5.2.2. Industrial/Manufacturing
- 5.2.3. Automotive
- 5.2.4. Marine
- 5.2.5. Other End-user Industries
- 5.3. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Region
- 5.3.1. Asia Pacific
- 5.3.2. North America
- 5.3.3. Europe
- 5.3.4. South America
- 5.3.5. Middle East
- 5.3.6. Saudi Arabia
- 5.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Resin
- 6. Asia Pacific Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 6.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Resin
- 6.1.1. Acrylic
- 6.1.2. Epoxy
- 6.1.3. Polyurethane
- 6.1.4. Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ)
- 6.1.5. Other Resins
- 6.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by End-user Industry
- 6.2.1. Building and Construction
- 6.2.2. Industrial/Manufacturing
- 6.2.3. Automotive
- 6.2.4. Marine
- 6.2.5. Other End-user Industries
- 6.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Resin
- 7. North America Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 7.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Resin
- 7.1.1. Acrylic
- 7.1.2. Epoxy
- 7.1.3. Polyurethane
- 7.1.4. Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ)
- 7.1.5. Other Resins
- 7.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by End-user Industry
- 7.2.1. Building and Construction
- 7.2.2. Industrial/Manufacturing
- 7.2.3. Automotive
- 7.2.4. Marine
- 7.2.5. Other End-user Industries
- 7.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Resin
- 8. Europe Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 8.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Resin
- 8.1.1. Acrylic
- 8.1.2. Epoxy
- 8.1.3. Polyurethane
- 8.1.4. Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ)
- 8.1.5. Other Resins
- 8.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by End-user Industry
- 8.2.1. Building and Construction
- 8.2.2. Industrial/Manufacturing
- 8.2.3. Automotive
- 8.2.4. Marine
- 8.2.5. Other End-user Industries
- 8.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Resin
- 9. South America Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 9.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Resin
- 9.1.1. Acrylic
- 9.1.2. Epoxy
- 9.1.3. Polyurethane
- 9.1.4. Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ)
- 9.1.5. Other Resins
- 9.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by End-user Industry
- 9.2.1. Building and Construction
- 9.2.2. Industrial/Manufacturing
- 9.2.3. Automotive
- 9.2.4. Marine
- 9.2.5. Other End-user Industries
- 9.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Resin
- 10. Middle East Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 10.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Resin
- 10.1.1. Acrylic
- 10.1.2. Epoxy
- 10.1.3. Polyurethane
- 10.1.4. Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ)
- 10.1.5. Other Resins
- 10.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by End-user Industry
- 10.2.1. Building and Construction
- 10.2.2. Industrial/Manufacturing
- 10.2.3. Automotive
- 10.2.4. Marine
- 10.2.5. Other End-user Industries
- 10.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Resin
- 11. Saudi Arabia Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 11.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Resin
- 11.1.1. Acrylic
- 11.1.2. Epoxy
- 11.1.3. Polyurethane
- 11.1.4. Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ)
- 11.1.5. Other Resins
- 11.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by End-user Industry
- 11.2.1. Building and Construction
- 11.2.2. Industrial/Manufacturing
- 11.2.3. Automotive
- 11.2.4. Marine
- 11.2.5. Other End-user Industries
- 11.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Resin
- 12. North America Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 12.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - By Country/Sub-region
- 12.1.1 United States
- 12.1.2 Canada
- 12.1.3 Mexico
- 13. Europe Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 13.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - By Country/Sub-region
- 13.1.1 Germany
- 13.1.2 France
- 13.1.3 Italy
- 13.1.4 United Kingdom
- 13.1.5 Netherlands
- 13.1.6 Rest of Europe
- 14. Asia Pacific Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 14.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - By Country/Sub-region
- 14.1.1 China
- 14.1.2 Japan
- 14.1.3 India
- 14.1.4 South Korea
- 14.1.5 Taiwan
- 14.1.6 Australia
- 14.1.7 Rest of Asia-Pacific
- 15. South America Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 15.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - By Country/Sub-region
- 15.1.1 Brazil
- 15.1.2 Argentina
- 15.1.3 Rest of South America
- 16. MEA Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 16.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - By Country/Sub-region
- 16.1.1 Middle East
- 16.1.2 Africa
- 17. Competitive Analysis
- 17.1. Global Market Share Analysis 2024
- 17.2. Company Profiles
- 17.2.1 The Sherwin-Williams Company
- 17.2.1.1. Overview
- 17.2.1.2. Products
- 17.2.1.3. SWOT Analysis
- 17.2.1.4. Recent Developments
- 17.2.1.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 17.2.2 Caparol
- 17.2.2.1. Overview
- 17.2.2.2. Products
- 17.2.2.3. SWOT Analysis
- 17.2.2.4. Recent Developments
- 17.2.2.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 17.2.3 Jotun
- 17.2.3.1. Overview
- 17.2.3.2. Products
- 17.2.3.3. SWOT Analysis
- 17.2.3.4. Recent Developments
- 17.2.3.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 17.2.4 Mascoat
- 17.2.4.1. Overview
- 17.2.4.2. Products
- 17.2.4.3. SWOT Analysis
- 17.2.4.4. Recent Developments
- 17.2.4.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 17.2.5 PPG Industries Inc
- 17.2.5.1. Overview
- 17.2.5.2. Products
- 17.2.5.3. SWOT Analysis
- 17.2.5.4. Recent Developments
- 17.2.5.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 17.2.6 Nippon Paint Holdings Co Ltd
- 17.2.6.1. Overview
- 17.2.6.2. Products
- 17.2.6.3. SWOT Analysis
- 17.2.6.4. Recent Developments
- 17.2.6.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 17.2.7 Dow
- 17.2.7.1. Overview
- 17.2.7.2. Products
- 17.2.7.3. SWOT Analysis
- 17.2.7.4. Recent Developments
- 17.2.7.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 17.2.8 Sharpshell Industrial Solutions
- 17.2.8.1. Overview
- 17.2.8.2. Products
- 17.2.8.3. SWOT Analysis
- 17.2.8.4. Recent Developments
- 17.2.8.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 17.2.9 AkzoNobel NV
- 17.2.9.1. Overview
- 17.2.9.2. Products
- 17.2.9.3. SWOT Analysis
- 17.2.9.4. Recent Developments
- 17.2.9.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 17.2.10 SIKA AG
- 17.2.10.1. Overview
- 17.2.10.2. Products
- 17.2.10.3. SWOT Analysis
- 17.2.10.4. Recent Developments
- 17.2.10.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 17.2.11 Carboline
- 17.2.11.1. Overview
- 17.2.11.2. Products
- 17.2.11.3. SWOT Analysis
- 17.2.11.4. Recent Developments
- 17.2.11.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 17.2.12 Synavax
- 17.2.12.1. Overview
- 17.2.12.2. Products
- 17.2.12.3. SWOT Analysis
- 17.2.12.4. Recent Developments
- 17.2.12.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 17.2.1 The Sherwin-Williams Company
List of Figures
- Figure 1: Global Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue Breakdown (Billion, %) by Region 2024 & 2032
- Figure 2: Global Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume Breakdown (K Tons, %) by Region 2024 & 2032
- Figure 3: North America Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue (Billion), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 4: North America Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume (K Tons), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 5: North America Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 6: North America Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 7: Europe Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue (Billion), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 8: Europe Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume (K Tons), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 9: Europe Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 10: Europe Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 11: Asia Pacific Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue (Billion), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 12: Asia Pacific Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume (K Tons), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 13: Asia Pacific Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 14: Asia Pacific Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 15: South America Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue (Billion), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 16: South America Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume (K Tons), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 17: South America Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 18: South America Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 19: MEA Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue (Billion), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 20: MEA Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume (K Tons), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 21: MEA Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 22: MEA Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 23: Asia Pacific Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue (Billion), by Resin 2024 & 2032
- Figure 24: Asia Pacific Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume (K Tons), by Resin 2024 & 2032
- Figure 25: Asia Pacific Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue Share (%), by Resin 2024 & 2032
- Figure 26: Asia Pacific Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume Share (%), by Resin 2024 & 2032
- Figure 27: Asia Pacific Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue (Billion), by End-user Industry 2024 & 2032
- Figure 28: Asia Pacific Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume (K Tons), by End-user Industry 2024 & 2032
- Figure 29: Asia Pacific Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue Share (%), by End-user Industry 2024 & 2032
- Figure 30: Asia Pacific Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume Share (%), by End-user Industry 2024 & 2032
- Figure 31: Asia Pacific Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue (Billion), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 32: Asia Pacific Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume (K Tons), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 33: Asia Pacific Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 34: Asia Pacific Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 35: North America Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue (Billion), by Resin 2024 & 2032
- Figure 36: North America Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume (K Tons), by Resin 2024 & 2032
- Figure 37: North America Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue Share (%), by Resin 2024 & 2032
- Figure 38: North America Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume Share (%), by Resin 2024 & 2032
- Figure 39: North America Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue (Billion), by End-user Industry 2024 & 2032
- Figure 40: North America Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume (K Tons), by End-user Industry 2024 & 2032
- Figure 41: North America Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue Share (%), by End-user Industry 2024 & 2032
- Figure 42: North America Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume Share (%), by End-user Industry 2024 & 2032
- Figure 43: North America Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue (Billion), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 44: North America Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume (K Tons), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 45: North America Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 46: North America Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 47: Europe Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue (Billion), by Resin 2024 & 2032
- Figure 48: Europe Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume (K Tons), by Resin 2024 & 2032
- Figure 49: Europe Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue Share (%), by Resin 2024 & 2032
- Figure 50: Europe Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume Share (%), by Resin 2024 & 2032
- Figure 51: Europe Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue (Billion), by End-user Industry 2024 & 2032
- Figure 52: Europe Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume (K Tons), by End-user Industry 2024 & 2032
- Figure 53: Europe Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue Share (%), by End-user Industry 2024 & 2032
- Figure 54: Europe Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume Share (%), by End-user Industry 2024 & 2032
- Figure 55: Europe Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue (Billion), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 56: Europe Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume (K Tons), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 57: Europe Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 58: Europe Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 59: South America Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue (Billion), by Resin 2024 & 2032
- Figure 60: South America Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume (K Tons), by Resin 2024 & 2032
- Figure 61: South America Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue Share (%), by Resin 2024 & 2032
- Figure 62: South America Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume Share (%), by Resin 2024 & 2032
- Figure 63: South America Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue (Billion), by End-user Industry 2024 & 2032
- Figure 64: South America Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume (K Tons), by End-user Industry 2024 & 2032
- Figure 65: South America Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue Share (%), by End-user Industry 2024 & 2032
- Figure 66: South America Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume Share (%), by End-user Industry 2024 & 2032
- Figure 67: South America Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue (Billion), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 68: South America Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume (K Tons), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 69: South America Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 70: South America Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 71: Middle East Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue (Billion), by Resin 2024 & 2032
- Figure 72: Middle East Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume (K Tons), by Resin 2024 & 2032
- Figure 73: Middle East Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue Share (%), by Resin 2024 & 2032
- Figure 74: Middle East Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume Share (%), by Resin 2024 & 2032
- Figure 75: Middle East Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue (Billion), by End-user Industry 2024 & 2032
- Figure 76: Middle East Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume (K Tons), by End-user Industry 2024 & 2032
- Figure 77: Middle East Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue Share (%), by End-user Industry 2024 & 2032
- Figure 78: Middle East Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume Share (%), by End-user Industry 2024 & 2032
- Figure 79: Middle East Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue (Billion), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 80: Middle East Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume (K Tons), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 81: Middle East Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 82: Middle East Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 83: Saudi Arabia Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue (Billion), by Resin 2024 & 2032
- Figure 84: Saudi Arabia Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume (K Tons), by Resin 2024 & 2032
- Figure 85: Saudi Arabia Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue Share (%), by Resin 2024 & 2032
- Figure 86: Saudi Arabia Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume Share (%), by Resin 2024 & 2032
- Figure 87: Saudi Arabia Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue (Billion), by End-user Industry 2024 & 2032
- Figure 88: Saudi Arabia Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume (K Tons), by End-user Industry 2024 & 2032
- Figure 89: Saudi Arabia Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue Share (%), by End-user Industry 2024 & 2032
- Figure 90: Saudi Arabia Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume Share (%), by End-user Industry 2024 & 2032
- Figure 91: Saudi Arabia Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue (Billion), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 92: Saudi Arabia Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume (K Tons), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 93: Saudi Arabia Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 94: Saudi Arabia Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
List of Tables
- Table 1: Global Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue Billion Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 2: Global Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume K Tons Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 3: Global Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue Billion Forecast, by Resin 2019 & 2032
- Table 4: Global Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume K Tons Forecast, by Resin 2019 & 2032
- Table 5: Global Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue Billion Forecast, by End-user Industry 2019 & 2032
- Table 6: Global Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume K Tons Forecast, by End-user Industry 2019 & 2032
- Table 7: Global Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue Billion Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 8: Global Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume K Tons Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 9: Global Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue Billion Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 10: Global Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume K Tons Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 11: United States Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue (Billion) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 12: United States Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 13: Canada Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue (Billion) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 14: Canada Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 15: Mexico Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue (Billion) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 16: Mexico Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 17: Global Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue Billion Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 18: Global Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume K Tons Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 19: Germany Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue (Billion) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 20: Germany Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 21: France Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue (Billion) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 22: France Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 23: Italy Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue (Billion) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 24: Italy Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 25: United Kingdom Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue (Billion) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 26: United Kingdom Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 27: Netherlands Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue (Billion) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 28: Netherlands Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 29: Rest of Europe Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue (Billion) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 30: Rest of Europe Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 31: Global Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue Billion Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 32: Global Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume K Tons Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 33: China Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue (Billion) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 34: China Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 35: Japan Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue (Billion) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 36: Japan Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 37: India Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue (Billion) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 38: India Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 39: South Korea Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue (Billion) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 40: South Korea Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 41: Taiwan Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue (Billion) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 42: Taiwan Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 43: Australia Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue (Billion) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 44: Australia Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 45: Rest of Asia-Pacific Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue (Billion) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 46: Rest of Asia-Pacific Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 47: Global Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue Billion Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 48: Global Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume K Tons Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 49: Brazil Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue (Billion) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 50: Brazil Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 51: Argentina Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue (Billion) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 52: Argentina Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 53: Rest of South America Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue (Billion) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 54: Rest of South America Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 55: Global Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue Billion Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 56: Global Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume K Tons Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 57: Middle East Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue (Billion) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 58: Middle East Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 59: Africa Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue (Billion) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 60: Africa Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 61: Global Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue Billion Forecast, by Resin 2019 & 2032
- Table 62: Global Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume K Tons Forecast, by Resin 2019 & 2032
- Table 63: Global Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue Billion Forecast, by End-user Industry 2019 & 2032
- Table 64: Global Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume K Tons Forecast, by End-user Industry 2019 & 2032
- Table 65: Global Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue Billion Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 66: Global Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume K Tons Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 67: China Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue (Billion) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 68: China Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 69: India Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue (Billion) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 70: India Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 71: Japan Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue (Billion) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 72: Japan Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 73: South Korea Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue (Billion) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 74: South Korea Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 75: Rest of Asia Pacific Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue (Billion) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 76: Rest of Asia Pacific Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 77: Global Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue Billion Forecast, by Resin 2019 & 2032
- Table 78: Global Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume K Tons Forecast, by Resin 2019 & 2032
- Table 79: Global Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue Billion Forecast, by End-user Industry 2019 & 2032
- Table 80: Global Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume K Tons Forecast, by End-user Industry 2019 & 2032
- Table 81: Global Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue Billion Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 82: Global Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume K Tons Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 83: United States Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue (Billion) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 84: United States Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 85: Canada Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue (Billion) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 86: Canada Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 87: Mexico Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue (Billion) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 88: Mexico Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 89: Global Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue Billion Forecast, by Resin 2019 & 2032
- Table 90: Global Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume K Tons Forecast, by Resin 2019 & 2032
- Table 91: Global Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue Billion Forecast, by End-user Industry 2019 & 2032
- Table 92: Global Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume K Tons Forecast, by End-user Industry 2019 & 2032
- Table 93: Global Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue Billion Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 94: Global Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume K Tons Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 95: Germany Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue (Billion) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 96: Germany Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 97: United Kingdom Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue (Billion) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 98: United Kingdom Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 99: Italy Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue (Billion) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 100: Italy Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 101: France Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue (Billion) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 102: France Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 103: Rest of Europe Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue (Billion) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 104: Rest of Europe Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 105: Global Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue Billion Forecast, by Resin 2019 & 2032
- Table 106: Global Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume K Tons Forecast, by Resin 2019 & 2032
- Table 107: Global Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue Billion Forecast, by End-user Industry 2019 & 2032
- Table 108: Global Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume K Tons Forecast, by End-user Industry 2019 & 2032
- Table 109: Global Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue Billion Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 110: Global Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume K Tons Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 111: Brazil Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue (Billion) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 112: Brazil Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 113: Argentina Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue (Billion) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 114: Argentina Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 115: Rest of South America Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue (Billion) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 116: Rest of South America Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 117: Global Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue Billion Forecast, by Resin 2019 & 2032
- Table 118: Global Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume K Tons Forecast, by Resin 2019 & 2032
- Table 119: Global Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue Billion Forecast, by End-user Industry 2019 & 2032
- Table 120: Global Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume K Tons Forecast, by End-user Industry 2019 & 2032
- Table 121: Global Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue Billion Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 122: Global Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume K Tons Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 123: Global Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue Billion Forecast, by Resin 2019 & 2032
- Table 124: Global Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume K Tons Forecast, by Resin 2019 & 2032
- Table 125: Global Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue Billion Forecast, by End-user Industry 2019 & 2032
- Table 126: Global Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume K Tons Forecast, by End-user Industry 2019 & 2032
- Table 127: Global Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue Billion Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 128: Global Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume K Tons Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 129: South Africa Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue (Billion) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 130: South Africa Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 131: Rest of Middle East Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Revenue (Billion) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 132: Rest of Middle East Thermal Insulation Coatings Market Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
Frequently Asked Questions
1. What is the projected Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of the Thermal Insulation Coatings Market?
The projected CAGR is approximately 5.6%.
2. Which companies are prominent players in the Thermal Insulation Coatings Market?
Key companies in the market include The Sherwin-Williams Company, Caparol, Jotun, Mascoat, PPG Industries Inc, Nippon Paint Holdings Co Ltd, Dow, Sharpshell Industrial Solutions, AkzoNobel NV, SIKA AG, Carboline, Synavax.
3. What are the main segments of the Thermal Insulation Coatings Market?
The market segments include Resin, End-user Industry.
4. Can you provide details about the market size?
The market size is estimated to be USD 10 Billion as of 2022.
5. What are some drivers contributing to market growth?
Construction of New Refineries; Increasing Demand in the Construction Industry.
6. What are the notable trends driving market growth?
Industrial/Manufacturing Segment to Dominate the Market.
7. Are there any restraints impacting market growth?
High Capital Requirement.
8. Can you provide examples of recent developments in the market?
In June 2021, PPG Industries Inc. completed its acquisition of Tikkurila, a leading Nordic paint and coatings company.
9. What pricing options are available for accessing the report?
Pricing options include single-user, multi-user, and enterprise licenses priced at USD 3,950, USD 4,950, and USD 6,950 respectively.
10. Is the market size provided in terms of value or volume?
The market size is provided in terms of value, measured in Billion and volume, measured in K Tons.
11. Are there any specific market keywords associated with the report?
Yes, the market keyword associated with the report is "Thermal Insulation Coatings Market," which aids in identifying and referencing the specific market segment covered.
12. How do I determine which pricing option suits my needs best?
The pricing options vary based on user requirements and access needs. Individual users may opt for single-user licenses, while businesses requiring broader access may choose multi-user or enterprise licenses for cost-effective access to the report.
13. Are there any additional resources or data provided in the Thermal Insulation Coatings Market report?
While the report offers comprehensive insights, it's advisable to review the specific contents or supplementary materials provided to ascertain if additional resources or data are available.
14. How can I stay updated on further developments or reports in the Thermal Insulation Coatings Market?
To stay informed about further developments, trends, and reports in the Thermal Insulation Coatings Market, consider subscribing to industry newsletters, following relevant companies and organizations, or regularly checking reputable industry news sources and publications.
Methodology
Step 1 - Identification of Relevant Samples Size from Population Database



Step 2 - Approaches for Defining Global Market Size (Value, Volume* & Price*)

Note*: In applicable scenarios
Step 3 - Data Sources
Primary Research
- Web Analytics
- Survey Reports
- Research Institute
- Latest Research Reports
- Opinion Leaders
Secondary Research
- Annual Reports
- White Paper
- Latest Press Release
- Industry Association
- Paid Database
- Investor Presentations

Step 4 - Data Triangulation
Involves using different sources of information in order to increase the validity of a study
These sources are likely to be stakeholders in a program - participants, other researchers, program staff, other community members, and so on.
Then we put all data in single framework & apply various statistical tools to find out the dynamic on the market.
During the analysis stage, feedback from the stakeholder groups would be compared to determine areas of agreement as well as areas of divergence