Key Insights
The African oil and gas market, currently valued at approximately $XX million (estimated based on provided CAGR and unspecified market size), is projected to experience robust growth, exceeding a 5.50% Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) from 2025 to 2033. This expansion is fueled by several key drivers. Firstly, increasing energy demand across the continent, driven by rapid population growth and industrialization, creates a strong impetus for exploration and production. Secondly, significant untapped reserves in several African nations, including those in East and Southern Africa, represent substantial growth potential. Strategic investments by both international oil majors like Shell, ExxonMobil, and BP, and national oil companies such as GNPC and NNPC, are further accelerating market development. However, challenges exist, including volatile global oil prices, regulatory hurdles in some regions, and the growing emphasis on renewable energy sources. Despite these restraints, the long-term outlook for Africa's oil and gas sector remains positive, particularly considering the substantial investments in infrastructure projects that are designed to enhance production and transportation capacity across the continent.
The market segmentation reveals a dynamic interplay between upstream activities (exploration and production), midstream operations (transportation and storage), and downstream processes (refining and distribution). Upstream activities are primarily dominated by multinational corporations, while midstream and downstream sectors present opportunities for both international players and local businesses. Regional disparities exist; countries like Nigeria, Angola, and Algeria are already significant producers, while others, such as Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania, hold considerable unexplored potential. The forecast period from 2025-2033 anticipates significant growth across all segments, with increased exploration and production driving the upstream sector, and rising energy consumption boosting demand in the midstream and downstream segments. Furthermore, strategic partnerships between governments and international oil companies are crucial in mitigating risks and unlocking the full potential of the market. The focus on developing local capacity and expertise is also emerging as a key factor influencing market evolution.

Oil and Gas Market in Africa: A Comprehensive Market Report (2019-2033)
This comprehensive report provides a detailed analysis of the Oil and Gas market in Africa, offering invaluable insights for industry professionals, investors, and strategic decision-makers. The study covers the period from 2019 to 2033, with a focus on the forecast period (2025-2033) and base year 2025. The report delves into market dynamics, growth trends, dominant segments (Upstream, Midstream, Downstream), key players, and emerging opportunities within this dynamic and rapidly evolving sector. Expect in-depth analysis incorporating quantitative data and qualitative assessments, allowing for strategic planning and informed investment decisions. Market size values are presented in Million units.
Oil and Gas Market in Africa Market Dynamics & Structure
This section analyzes the African oil and gas market's intricate structure, exploring market concentration, technological advancements, regulatory frameworks, competitive dynamics, and end-user demographics. The report examines M&A activity, providing quantitative and qualitative insights to illuminate market trends. The analysis incorporates data on market share distribution among key players and the volume of M&A deals.
- Market Concentration: The market exhibits a moderate level of concentration, with a few major international players holding significant market share. However, smaller independent operators and national oil companies are also key players, particularly in specific countries. The xx% market share held by the top 5 players suggests a balance of competition and consolidation.
- Technological Innovation: Technological advancements, such as enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques and improved exploration technologies, are continuously transforming the sector. However, adoption rates are influenced by factors like infrastructure constraints and investment capital. The report assesses the innovation landscape, highlighting both drivers and barriers to technological adoption.
- Regulatory Frameworks: Regulatory frameworks across African nations vary widely, creating both challenges and opportunities. Some countries boast investor-friendly regulations, while others pose significant hurdles to investment and operations. The report analyzes these differences, outlining their impact on market dynamics.
- Competitive Product Substitutes: The emergence of renewable energy sources poses a long-term threat to the traditional oil and gas sector. The report assesses the competitive landscape, highlighting the potential impact of renewable energy on market growth and demand.
- End-User Demographics: The increasing energy demands of Africa's growing population present both challenges and opportunities for the industry. The report analyzes how demographic shifts influence oil and gas consumption patterns and market projections.
- M&A Trends: Recent years have witnessed a surge in M&A activity, driven by consolidation and strategic expansion initiatives. The report analyzes these trends, highlighting deal sizes and rationale. The volume of M&A deals in the period 2019-2024 averaged approximately xx deals annually.
Oil and Gas Market in Africa Growth Trends & Insights
This section delivers a comprehensive analysis of the market's growth trajectory. Leveraging extensive data analysis, the report details market size evolution, adoption rates, technological disruptions, and shifts in consumer behavior. Key metrics like Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) and market penetration are included to provide a deeper understanding of market dynamics. The report projects a CAGR of xx% for the forecast period, driven primarily by increased energy demand and infrastructural investments in several key African nations. The exploration and production of gas has witnessed a comparatively higher growth rate, exceeding the average CAGR of the oil and gas sector in the region. This upward trend is projected to continue, particularly with the focus on gas-to-power projects.

Dominant Regions, Countries, or Segments in Oil and Gas Market in Africa
This section identifies the leading regions, countries, and segments (Upstream, Midstream, Downstream) driving market expansion. The analysis emphasizes key market drivers (economic policies, infrastructure development) within those regions. The report explores the dominance factors in each segment and forecasts market share and future growth potential.
- Upstream: Nigeria and Angola remain dominant in the upstream segment, accounting for xx% of the overall upstream production in Africa.
- Midstream: Significant investments in pipeline infrastructure and storage facilities are driving growth in the midstream sector, with xx% of investments concentrated in countries like Nigeria, Algeria and Egypt.
- Downstream: The rapid urbanization and industrialization of many African countries are fueling a surge in demand for refined products like gasoline and diesel. South Africa, Nigeria, and Egypt are leading the downstream sector.
Key Drivers:
- Favorable government policies and incentives for exploration and production.
- Significant investments in exploration and infrastructure development.
- Rising energy demand driven by population growth and industrialization.
Oil and Gas Market in Africa Product Landscape
The African oil and gas market showcases a diverse range of products, from crude oil to refined fuels and petrochemicals. Significant technological advancements are improving extraction efficiency, lowering production costs, and enhancing environmental performance. This section highlights specific product innovations, their applications, and key performance metrics. Many companies are investing in innovative technologies for gas processing, aiming to increase the efficiency of converting natural gas into liquefied natural gas (LNG). This is particularly relevant to countries rich in natural gas reserves.
Key Drivers, Barriers & Challenges in Oil and Gas Market in Africa
Key Drivers:
- Growing energy demand fuelled by population growth and industrialization across the continent.
- Significant untapped reserves of oil and gas awaiting exploration and development.
- Government initiatives and investment incentives aimed at boosting domestic production.
Key Barriers & Challenges:
- Political instability and security concerns in some regions hamper exploration and production activities.
- Inadequate infrastructure (pipelines, storage facilities) limits the efficient transportation and distribution of oil and gas.
- Fluctuating global oil and gas prices pose a significant risk to project profitability and investment decisions. The impact on profitability was estimated to be xx% during the period of volatile oil prices in 2022.
Emerging Opportunities in Oil and Gas Market in Africa
The African oil and gas sector offers several emerging opportunities. The expansion of gas-to-power initiatives to electrify rural areas and enhance energy security holds significant potential. Furthermore, growing investments in refining capacities aim to reduce reliance on imported refined products, presenting opportunities for investors and businesses within the downstream sector. The development of new exploration and production technologies, including AI-powered analytics, further contributes to efficiency and cost reduction, making the sector more attractive.
Growth Accelerators in the Oil and Gas Market in Africa Industry
Long-term growth in Africa's oil and gas market hinges on technological innovation, strategic partnerships, and market expansion. Further investment in refining and midstream capabilities is crucial for boosting regional value addition. The development of new pipelines and storage infrastructure is essential for unlocking potential in untapped reserves. This will reduce dependence on costly imports and improve energy security across the continent. Moreover, fostering collaborative efforts between international oil companies and local players is vital to the sustainable development of the sector.
Key Players Shaping the Oil and Gas Market in Africa Market
- Shell PLC
- Exxon Mobil Corporation
- BP PLC
- Chevron Corporation
- TotalEnergies SE
- Ghana National Petroleum Corporation (GNPC)
- Eni SpA
- Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation
- Cairn Energy PLC
Notable Milestones in Oil and Gas Market in Africa Sector
- January 2022: Nigerian National Petroleum Company Ltd secured a USD 5 billion commitment from the African Export-Import Bank to fund major investments in the Nigerian upstream sector. This funding, repaid via a forward sale arrangement (90-120 kpd of crude over 4-8 years), significantly boosted the sector's capacity.
- February 2022: The Nigerian Upstream Petroleum Regulatory Commission launched the "Industry-Wide Oil Revenue Recovery Initiative" to combat oil theft. This initiative aims to double Nigeria's oil output from 1.5 million barrels per day to 3 million barrels per day.
In-Depth Oil and Gas Market in Africa Market Outlook
The future of Africa's oil and gas market is bright, marked by significant growth potential driven by factors such as increasing energy demand, extensive reserves, and growing investments. Strategic opportunities abound for companies focused on infrastructure development, technology innovation, and strategic partnerships. The focus on gas-to-power initiatives and regional integration is poised to enhance energy security and drive long-term economic growth. However, careful consideration of environmental sustainability and responsible resource management will be crucial for long-term success.
Oil and Gas Market in Africa Segmentation
-
1. Type
- 1.1. Upstream
- 1.2. Midstream
- 1.3. Downstream
-
2. Geography
- 2.1. Algeria
- 2.2. Nigeria
- 2.3. Egypt
- 2.4. Rest of Africa
Oil and Gas Market in Africa Segmentation By Geography
- 1. Algeria
- 2. Nigeria
- 3. Egypt
- 4. Rest of Africa

Oil and Gas Market in Africa REPORT HIGHLIGHTS
Aspects | Details |
---|---|
Study Period | 2019-2033 |
Base Year | 2024 |
Estimated Year | 2025 |
Forecast Period | 2025-2033 |
Historical Period | 2019-2024 |
Growth Rate | CAGR of > 5.50% from 2019-2033 |
Segmentation |
|
Table of Contents
- 1. Introduction
- 1.1. Research Scope
- 1.2. Market Segmentation
- 1.3. Research Methodology
- 1.4. Definitions and Assumptions
- 2. Executive Summary
- 2.1. Introduction
- 3. Market Dynamics
- 3.1. Introduction
- 3.2. Market Drivers
- 3.2.1. 4.; Increasing Natural Gas Demand4.; Rising Pipeline Network and Associated Infrastructure Development
- 3.3. Market Restrains
- 3.3.1. 4.; Rising Shift toward Renewable Energy
- 3.4. Market Trends
- 3.4.1. Upstream Segment to dominate the Market
- 4. Market Factor Analysis
- 4.1. Porters Five Forces
- 4.2. Supply/Value Chain
- 4.3. PESTEL analysis
- 4.4. Market Entropy
- 4.5. Patent/Trademark Analysis
- 5. Oil and Gas Market in Africa Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 5.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Type
- 5.1.1. Upstream
- 5.1.2. Midstream
- 5.1.3. Downstream
- 5.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Geography
- 5.2.1. Algeria
- 5.2.2. Nigeria
- 5.2.3. Egypt
- 5.2.4. Rest of Africa
- 5.3. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Region
- 5.3.1. Algeria
- 5.3.2. Nigeria
- 5.3.3. Egypt
- 5.3.4. Rest of Africa
- 5.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Type
- 6. Algeria Oil and Gas Market in Africa Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 6.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Type
- 6.1.1. Upstream
- 6.1.2. Midstream
- 6.1.3. Downstream
- 6.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Geography
- 6.2.1. Algeria
- 6.2.2. Nigeria
- 6.2.3. Egypt
- 6.2.4. Rest of Africa
- 6.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Type
- 7. Nigeria Oil and Gas Market in Africa Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 7.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Type
- 7.1.1. Upstream
- 7.1.2. Midstream
- 7.1.3. Downstream
- 7.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Geography
- 7.2.1. Algeria
- 7.2.2. Nigeria
- 7.2.3. Egypt
- 7.2.4. Rest of Africa
- 7.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Type
- 8. Egypt Oil and Gas Market in Africa Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 8.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Type
- 8.1.1. Upstream
- 8.1.2. Midstream
- 8.1.3. Downstream
- 8.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Geography
- 8.2.1. Algeria
- 8.2.2. Nigeria
- 8.2.3. Egypt
- 8.2.4. Rest of Africa
- 8.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Type
- 9. Rest of Africa Oil and Gas Market in Africa Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 9.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Type
- 9.1.1. Upstream
- 9.1.2. Midstream
- 9.1.3. Downstream
- 9.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Geography
- 9.2.1. Algeria
- 9.2.2. Nigeria
- 9.2.3. Egypt
- 9.2.4. Rest of Africa
- 9.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Type
- 10. South Africa Oil and Gas Market in Africa Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 11. Sudan Oil and Gas Market in Africa Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 12. Uganda Oil and Gas Market in Africa Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 13. Tanzania Oil and Gas Market in Africa Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 14. Kenya Oil and Gas Market in Africa Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 15. Rest of Africa Oil and Gas Market in Africa Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 16. Competitive Analysis
- 16.1. Market Share Analysis 2024
- 16.2. Company Profiles
- 16.2.1 Shell PLC
- 16.2.1.1. Overview
- 16.2.1.2. Products
- 16.2.1.3. SWOT Analysis
- 16.2.1.4. Recent Developments
- 16.2.1.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 16.2.2 Exxon Mobil Corporation
- 16.2.2.1. Overview
- 16.2.2.2. Products
- 16.2.2.3. SWOT Analysis
- 16.2.2.4. Recent Developments
- 16.2.2.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 16.2.3 BP PLC*List Not Exhaustive
- 16.2.3.1. Overview
- 16.2.3.2. Products
- 16.2.3.3. SWOT Analysis
- 16.2.3.4. Recent Developments
- 16.2.3.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 16.2.4 Chevron Corporation
- 16.2.4.1. Overview
- 16.2.4.2. Products
- 16.2.4.3. SWOT Analysis
- 16.2.4.4. Recent Developments
- 16.2.4.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 16.2.5 TotalEnergies SE
- 16.2.5.1. Overview
- 16.2.5.2. Products
- 16.2.5.3. SWOT Analysis
- 16.2.5.4. Recent Developments
- 16.2.5.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 16.2.6 Ghana National Petroleum Corporation (GNPC)
- 16.2.6.1. Overview
- 16.2.6.2. Products
- 16.2.6.3. SWOT Analysis
- 16.2.6.4. Recent Developments
- 16.2.6.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 16.2.7 Eni SpA
- 16.2.7.1. Overview
- 16.2.7.2. Products
- 16.2.7.3. SWOT Analysis
- 16.2.7.4. Recent Developments
- 16.2.7.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 16.2.8 Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation
- 16.2.8.1. Overview
- 16.2.8.2. Products
- 16.2.8.3. SWOT Analysis
- 16.2.8.4. Recent Developments
- 16.2.8.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 16.2.9 Cairn Energy PLC
- 16.2.9.1. Overview
- 16.2.9.2. Products
- 16.2.9.3. SWOT Analysis
- 16.2.9.4. Recent Developments
- 16.2.9.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 16.2.1 Shell PLC
List of Figures
- Figure 1: Oil and Gas Market in Africa Revenue Breakdown (Million, %) by Product 2024 & 2032
- Figure 2: Oil and Gas Market in Africa Share (%) by Company 2024
List of Tables
- Table 1: Oil and Gas Market in Africa Revenue Million Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 2: Oil and Gas Market in Africa Volume K Tons Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 3: Oil and Gas Market in Africa Revenue Million Forecast, by Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 4: Oil and Gas Market in Africa Volume K Tons Forecast, by Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 5: Oil and Gas Market in Africa Revenue Million Forecast, by Geography 2019 & 2032
- Table 6: Oil and Gas Market in Africa Volume K Tons Forecast, by Geography 2019 & 2032
- Table 7: Oil and Gas Market in Africa Revenue Million Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 8: Oil and Gas Market in Africa Volume K Tons Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 9: Oil and Gas Market in Africa Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 10: Oil and Gas Market in Africa Volume K Tons Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 11: South Africa Oil and Gas Market in Africa Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 12: South Africa Oil and Gas Market in Africa Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 13: Sudan Oil and Gas Market in Africa Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 14: Sudan Oil and Gas Market in Africa Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 15: Uganda Oil and Gas Market in Africa Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 16: Uganda Oil and Gas Market in Africa Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 17: Tanzania Oil and Gas Market in Africa Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 18: Tanzania Oil and Gas Market in Africa Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 19: Kenya Oil and Gas Market in Africa Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 20: Kenya Oil and Gas Market in Africa Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 21: Rest of Africa Oil and Gas Market in Africa Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 22: Rest of Africa Oil and Gas Market in Africa Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 23: Oil and Gas Market in Africa Revenue Million Forecast, by Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 24: Oil and Gas Market in Africa Volume K Tons Forecast, by Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 25: Oil and Gas Market in Africa Revenue Million Forecast, by Geography 2019 & 2032
- Table 26: Oil and Gas Market in Africa Volume K Tons Forecast, by Geography 2019 & 2032
- Table 27: Oil and Gas Market in Africa Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 28: Oil and Gas Market in Africa Volume K Tons Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 29: Oil and Gas Market in Africa Revenue Million Forecast, by Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 30: Oil and Gas Market in Africa Volume K Tons Forecast, by Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 31: Oil and Gas Market in Africa Revenue Million Forecast, by Geography 2019 & 2032
- Table 32: Oil and Gas Market in Africa Volume K Tons Forecast, by Geography 2019 & 2032
- Table 33: Oil and Gas Market in Africa Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 34: Oil and Gas Market in Africa Volume K Tons Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 35: Oil and Gas Market in Africa Revenue Million Forecast, by Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 36: Oil and Gas Market in Africa Volume K Tons Forecast, by Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 37: Oil and Gas Market in Africa Revenue Million Forecast, by Geography 2019 & 2032
- Table 38: Oil and Gas Market in Africa Volume K Tons Forecast, by Geography 2019 & 2032
- Table 39: Oil and Gas Market in Africa Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 40: Oil and Gas Market in Africa Volume K Tons Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 41: Oil and Gas Market in Africa Revenue Million Forecast, by Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 42: Oil and Gas Market in Africa Volume K Tons Forecast, by Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 43: Oil and Gas Market in Africa Revenue Million Forecast, by Geography 2019 & 2032
- Table 44: Oil and Gas Market in Africa Volume K Tons Forecast, by Geography 2019 & 2032
- Table 45: Oil and Gas Market in Africa Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 46: Oil and Gas Market in Africa Volume K Tons Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
Frequently Asked Questions
1. What is the projected Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of the Oil and Gas Market in Africa?
The projected CAGR is approximately > 5.50%.
2. Which companies are prominent players in the Oil and Gas Market in Africa?
Key companies in the market include Shell PLC, Exxon Mobil Corporation, BP PLC*List Not Exhaustive, Chevron Corporation, TotalEnergies SE, Ghana National Petroleum Corporation (GNPC), Eni SpA, Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation, Cairn Energy PLC.
3. What are the main segments of the Oil and Gas Market in Africa?
The market segments include Type, Geography.
4. Can you provide details about the market size?
The market size is estimated to be USD XX Million as of 2022.
5. What are some drivers contributing to market growth?
4.; Increasing Natural Gas Demand4.; Rising Pipeline Network and Associated Infrastructure Development.
6. What are the notable trends driving market growth?
Upstream Segment to dominate the Market.
7. Are there any restraints impacting market growth?
4.; Rising Shift toward Renewable Energy.
8. Can you provide examples of recent developments in the market?
In January 2022, Nigerian National Petroleum Company Ltd secured a USD 5 billion commitment from the African Export-Import Bank to fund its major investment in the Nigerian upstream sector. The repayment of this funding is expected to be done through a forward sale arrangement, whereby the funds will constitute the payment purchase of 90-120 kpd of crude to be delivered to the lender within a four to eight-year period.
9. What pricing options are available for accessing the report?
Pricing options include single-user, multi-user, and enterprise licenses priced at USD 4750, USD 5250, and USD 8750 respectively.
10. Is the market size provided in terms of value or volume?
The market size is provided in terms of value, measured in Million and volume, measured in K Tons.
11. Are there any specific market keywords associated with the report?
Yes, the market keyword associated with the report is "Oil and Gas Market in Africa," which aids in identifying and referencing the specific market segment covered.
12. How do I determine which pricing option suits my needs best?
The pricing options vary based on user requirements and access needs. Individual users may opt for single-user licenses, while businesses requiring broader access may choose multi-user or enterprise licenses for cost-effective access to the report.
13. Are there any additional resources or data provided in the Oil and Gas Market in Africa report?
While the report offers comprehensive insights, it's advisable to review the specific contents or supplementary materials provided to ascertain if additional resources or data are available.
14. How can I stay updated on further developments or reports in the Oil and Gas Market in Africa?
To stay informed about further developments, trends, and reports in the Oil and Gas Market in Africa, consider subscribing to industry newsletters, following relevant companies and organizations, or regularly checking reputable industry news sources and publications.
Methodology
Step 1 - Identification of Relevant Samples Size from Population Database



Step 2 - Approaches for Defining Global Market Size (Value, Volume* & Price*)

Note*: In applicable scenarios
Step 3 - Data Sources
Primary Research
- Web Analytics
- Survey Reports
- Research Institute
- Latest Research Reports
- Opinion Leaders
Secondary Research
- Annual Reports
- White Paper
- Latest Press Release
- Industry Association
- Paid Database
- Investor Presentations

Step 4 - Data Triangulation
Involves using different sources of information in order to increase the validity of a study
These sources are likely to be stakeholders in a program - participants, other researchers, program staff, other community members, and so on.
Then we put all data in single framework & apply various statistical tools to find out the dynamic on the market.
During the analysis stage, feedback from the stakeholder groups would be compared to determine areas of agreement as well as areas of divergence