Key Insights
The U.S. digital radiology devices market, valued at $4.90 billion in 2025, is projected to experience robust growth, driven by a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.79% from 2025 to 2033. This expansion is fueled by several key factors. Technological advancements in computed radiography (CR) and direct radiography (DR) are leading to higher image quality, faster processing speeds, and increased diagnostic accuracy. The rising prevalence of chronic diseases like cancer and cardiovascular conditions necessitates frequent diagnostic imaging, significantly boosting market demand. Furthermore, the increasing adoption of portable digital X-ray systems enhances accessibility for patients in remote areas and improves the efficiency of point-of-care diagnostics. Growth is also stimulated by government initiatives promoting healthcare infrastructure improvements and the adoption of advanced imaging technologies. The market's segmentation, encompassing hospitals, diagnostic centers, and various applications (orthopedic, cancer, dental, cardiovascular), demonstrates a diverse range of users driving this growth. Key players like GE Healthcare, Siemens Healthineers, and Fujifilm are actively contributing to innovation and market expansion through strategic collaborations, product launches, and technological advancements.
However, certain factors could potentially restrain market growth. High initial investment costs associated with advanced digital radiology systems might deter smaller healthcare facilities from adoption. Stringent regulatory approvals and compliance requirements in the US healthcare sector pose challenges for new market entrants. Furthermore, the potential for cybersecurity breaches and data privacy concerns regarding patient medical information necessitate robust security measures, which could add to operating costs. Despite these challenges, the long-term outlook for the U.S. digital radiology devices market remains positive, driven by the escalating demand for improved diagnostic capabilities and technological advancements in digital imaging solutions, promising significant market expansion through 2033.

U.S. Digital Radiology Devices Market: 2019-2033 Forecast
This comprehensive report provides a detailed analysis of the U.S. digital radiology devices market, encompassing market size, growth trends, competitive landscape, and future outlook. The study period covers 2019-2033, with a base year of 2025 and a forecast period of 2025-2033. The report segments the market by end-user (Hospitals, Diagnostic Centers, Other End Users), application (Orthopedic, Cancer, Dental, Cardiovascular, Other Applications), technology (Computed Radiography, Direct Radiography), and portability (Fixed Systems, Portable Systems). Key players analyzed include Konica Minolta Inc, Varex Imaging Corporation, Toshiba Corporation, Siemens Healthineers, MinXray Inc, Hologic Inc, Hitachi Ltd, Koninklijke Philips NV (Philips Healthcare), KUB Technologies Inc, Carestream Health, General Electric Company (GE Healthcare), Canon Medical Systems Corporation, Agfa-Gevaert NV, Shimadzu Corporation, Fujifilm Holdings Corporation, and Samsung Electronics Co Ltd (Samsung Medison). This report is crucial for market participants, investors, and healthcare professionals seeking to understand this dynamic sector.
U.S. Digital Radiology Devices Market Market Dynamics & Structure
The U.S. digital radiology devices market is characterized by a moderately concentrated landscape with several major players holding significant market share. Technological innovation, driven by advancements in image processing, AI integration, and miniaturization, is a key growth driver. Stringent regulatory frameworks, including FDA approvals, influence market access and product development. The market faces competition from alternative imaging technologies, such as ultrasound and MRI, influencing adoption rates. End-user demographics, particularly an aging population and increasing prevalence of chronic diseases, fuel demand. M&A activity has been moderate, with strategic acquisitions aiming to expand product portfolios and market reach.
- Market Concentration: The top 5 players hold approximately xx% of the market share in 2025.
- Technological Innovation: AI-powered image analysis and portable systems are key innovation areas.
- Regulatory Landscape: FDA approvals are crucial for market entry, impacting time-to-market.
- Competitive Substitutes: Ultrasound and MRI present competitive challenges.
- End-User Demographics: Aging population and rising chronic disease prevalence drive demand.
- M&A Activity: xx major M&A deals were recorded between 2019 and 2024, leading to xx million USD in value.
U.S. Digital Radiology Devices Market Growth Trends & Insights
The U.S. digital radiology devices market witnessed significant growth between 2019 and 2024, driven by factors such as increasing adoption of digital radiology systems in hospitals and diagnostic centers, technological advancements, and rising healthcare expenditure. The market is projected to maintain a strong CAGR of xx% during the forecast period (2025-2033), reaching a market size of xx million units by 2033. This growth is attributed to the increasing demand for high-quality medical imaging solutions, coupled with the growing preference for minimally invasive procedures. Technological disruptions, such as the introduction of AI-powered image analysis tools, are accelerating market adoption. Consumer behavior is shifting towards preference for faster, more accurate, and patient-friendly solutions, further fueling demand. Market penetration in rural areas is anticipated to increase by xx% by 2033. This growth trend is expected to continue due to the ongoing demand for improved healthcare infrastructure and increased access to advanced medical imaging technologies.

Dominant Regions, Countries, or Segments in U.S. Digital Radiology Devices Market
The Northeast and West Coast regions of the U.S. are currently the dominant markets for digital radiology devices. Within these regions, major metropolitan areas with high concentrations of hospitals and diagnostic centers exhibit the highest growth rates. Among end-users, hospitals dominate the market, followed by diagnostic centers. In terms of application, orthopedic and cardiovascular imaging represent the largest segments due to high procedure volumes and demand for precise diagnostics. Direct radiography technology is gaining traction over computed radiography due to superior image quality and efficiency. Fixed systems remain more prevalent than portable systems in hospitals, while portable systems are seeing growth in ambulatory care settings.
Key Growth Drivers:
- High concentration of healthcare facilities in urban areas.
- Increasing prevalence of chronic diseases.
- Government initiatives to improve healthcare infrastructure.
- Favorable reimbursement policies for advanced imaging techniques.
Dominance Factors:
- High adoption rates in major metropolitan areas.
- Strong presence of key players and healthcare providers.
- Robust healthcare infrastructure.
- Increased investment in medical technology.
U.S. Digital Radiology Devices Market Product Landscape
The U.S. digital radiology devices market showcases a range of products featuring enhanced image quality, faster acquisition times, and user-friendly interfaces. Recent innovations include AI-powered image analysis software for improved diagnostic accuracy and workflow optimization. Portable systems are becoming increasingly sophisticated, offering comparable image quality to fixed systems while enhancing flexibility in various clinical settings. Manufacturers are focusing on developing devices with reduced radiation dose and enhanced patient comfort to meet evolving clinical needs and regulatory requirements. Unique selling propositions include advanced image processing algorithms, ergonomic designs, and seamless integration with existing hospital information systems (HIS).
Key Drivers, Barriers & Challenges in U.S. Digital Radiology Devices Market
Key Drivers:
The market is propelled by advancements in technology such as AI-powered image analysis and miniaturization leading to improved diagnostics and accessibility. Increasing prevalence of chronic diseases is fueling the demand for advanced imaging techniques. Government initiatives promoting better healthcare infrastructure further contribute to the growth.
Key Challenges & Restraints:
High initial investment costs and ongoing maintenance expenses pose significant barriers to adoption, particularly for smaller clinics. Stringent regulatory requirements can hinder market entry for new players. Competition from alternative imaging modalities like ultrasound and MRI also poses a challenge. Supply chain disruptions can lead to delays and price increases. The estimated impact of these challenges on market growth is approximately xx% reduction in projected sales by 2033.
Emerging Opportunities in U.S. Digital Radiology Devices Market
Untapped markets in rural and underserved communities present significant growth opportunities. The integration of telemedicine with digital radiology devices offers potential for remote diagnostics, improving healthcare access. Innovative applications, like AI-assisted image interpretation and personalized treatment plans, are gaining traction. Evolving consumer preferences for faster, less invasive procedures drive demand for advanced digital radiology systems.
Growth Accelerators in the U.S. Digital Radiology Devices Market Industry
Technological breakthroughs like AI-powered image analysis and improved detector technologies are fueling market growth. Strategic partnerships between device manufacturers and healthcare providers enhance market penetration. Market expansion strategies, including the development of user-friendly interfaces and mobile solutions, are crucial in improving adoption rates and fostering long-term growth.
Key Players Shaping the U.S. Digital Radiology Devices Market Market
- Konica Minolta Inc
- Varex Imaging Corporation
- Toshiba Corporation
- Siemens Healthineers
- MinXray Inc
- Hologic Inc
- Hitachi Ltd
- Koninklijke Philips NV (Philips Healthcare)
- KUB Technologies Inc
- Carestream Health
- General Electric Company (GE Healthcare)
- Canon Medical Systems Corporation
- Agfa-Gevaert NV
- Shimadzu Corporation
- Fujifilm Holdings Corporation
- Samsung Electronics Co Ltd (Samsung Medison)
Notable Milestones in U.S. Digital Radiology Devices Market Sector
- April 2022: Samsung introduces the GM85 Fit digital radiography device, focusing on user-centric design and efficient patient care.
- July 2022: Fujifilm launches the FDR Cross, a hybrid c-arm and portable x-ray solution for hospitals and ASCs.
In-Depth U.S. Digital Radiology Devices Market Market Outlook
The U.S. digital radiology devices market is poised for sustained growth, driven by technological advancements, increasing demand for advanced imaging solutions, and favorable government initiatives. Strategic partnerships and market expansion strategies will play a crucial role in driving market penetration and enhancing accessibility to high-quality digital radiology devices. The market is predicted to maintain a strong growth trajectory with lucrative opportunities for innovation and market consolidation.
U.S. Digital Radiology Devices Market Segmentation
-
1. Application
- 1.1. Orthopedic
- 1.2. Cancer
- 1.3. Dental
- 1.4. Cardiovascular
- 1.5. Other Applications
-
2. Technology
- 2.1. Computed Radiography
- 2.2. Direct Radiography
-
3. Portability
- 3.1. Fixed Systems
- 3.2. Portable Systems
-
4. End User
- 4.1. Hospitals
- 4.2. Diagnostic Centers
- 4.3. Other End Users
U.S. Digital Radiology Devices Market Segmentation By Geography
- 1. U.S.

U.S. Digital Radiology Devices Market REPORT HIGHLIGHTS
Aspects | Details |
---|---|
Study Period | 2019-2033 |
Base Year | 2024 |
Estimated Year | 2025 |
Forecast Period | 2025-2033 |
Historical Period | 2019-2024 |
Growth Rate | CAGR of 7.79% from 2019-2033 |
Segmentation |
|
Table of Contents
- 1. Introduction
- 1.1. Research Scope
- 1.2. Market Segmentation
- 1.3. Research Methodology
- 1.4. Definitions and Assumptions
- 2. Executive Summary
- 2.1. Introduction
- 3. Market Dynamics
- 3.1. Introduction
- 3.2. Market Drivers
- 3.2.1. Increasing Occurrence Levels of Orthopedic Diseases and Cancers; Increasing Number of Serious Injuries; Technological Advancements and Advantages of Digital X-ray Systems Over Conventional X-rays
- 3.3. Market Restrains
- 3.3.1. High Initial Cost of Installation; New Sales Affected by the Increasing Use of Refurbished Devices
- 3.4. Market Trends
- 3.4.1. The Direct Radiography Segment is Expected to Witness a High CAGR Over the Forecast Period
- 4. Market Factor Analysis
- 4.1. Porters Five Forces
- 4.2. Supply/Value Chain
- 4.3. PESTEL analysis
- 4.4. Market Entropy
- 4.5. Patent/Trademark Analysis
- 5. U.S. Digital Radiology Devices Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 5.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Application
- 5.1.1. Orthopedic
- 5.1.2. Cancer
- 5.1.3. Dental
- 5.1.4. Cardiovascular
- 5.1.5. Other Applications
- 5.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Technology
- 5.2.1. Computed Radiography
- 5.2.2. Direct Radiography
- 5.3. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Portability
- 5.3.1. Fixed Systems
- 5.3.2. Portable Systems
- 5.4. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by End User
- 5.4.1. Hospitals
- 5.4.2. Diagnostic Centers
- 5.4.3. Other End Users
- 5.5. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Region
- 5.5.1. U.S.
- 5.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Application
- 6. Northeast U.S. Digital Radiology Devices Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 7. Southeast U.S. Digital Radiology Devices Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 8. Midwest U.S. Digital Radiology Devices Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 9. Southwest U.S. Digital Radiology Devices Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 10. West U.S. Digital Radiology Devices Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 11. Competitive Analysis
- 11.1. Market Share Analysis 2024
- 11.2. Company Profiles
- 11.2.1 Konica Minolta Inc
- 11.2.1.1. Overview
- 11.2.1.2. Products
- 11.2.1.3. SWOT Analysis
- 11.2.1.4. Recent Developments
- 11.2.1.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 11.2.2 Varex Imaging Corporation
- 11.2.2.1. Overview
- 11.2.2.2. Products
- 11.2.2.3. SWOT Analysis
- 11.2.2.4. Recent Developments
- 11.2.2.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 11.2.3 Toshiba Corporation
- 11.2.3.1. Overview
- 11.2.3.2. Products
- 11.2.3.3. SWOT Analysis
- 11.2.3.4. Recent Developments
- 11.2.3.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 11.2.4 Siemens Healthineers
- 11.2.4.1. Overview
- 11.2.4.2. Products
- 11.2.4.3. SWOT Analysis
- 11.2.4.4. Recent Developments
- 11.2.4.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 11.2.5 MinXray Inc
- 11.2.5.1. Overview
- 11.2.5.2. Products
- 11.2.5.3. SWOT Analysis
- 11.2.5.4. Recent Developments
- 11.2.5.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 11.2.6 Hologic Inc
- 11.2.6.1. Overview
- 11.2.6.2. Products
- 11.2.6.3. SWOT Analysis
- 11.2.6.4. Recent Developments
- 11.2.6.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 11.2.7 Hitachi Ltd
- 11.2.7.1. Overview
- 11.2.7.2. Products
- 11.2.7.3. SWOT Analysis
- 11.2.7.4. Recent Developments
- 11.2.7.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 11.2.8 Koninklinje Philips NV (Philips Healthcare)
- 11.2.8.1. Overview
- 11.2.8.2. Products
- 11.2.8.3. SWOT Analysis
- 11.2.8.4. Recent Developments
- 11.2.8.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 11.2.9 KUB Technologies Inc
- 11.2.9.1. Overview
- 11.2.9.2. Products
- 11.2.9.3. SWOT Analysis
- 11.2.9.4. Recent Developments
- 11.2.9.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 11.2.10 Carestream Health
- 11.2.10.1. Overview
- 11.2.10.2. Products
- 11.2.10.3. SWOT Analysis
- 11.2.10.4. Recent Developments
- 11.2.10.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 11.2.11 General Electric Company (GE Healthcare)
- 11.2.11.1. Overview
- 11.2.11.2. Products
- 11.2.11.3. SWOT Analysis
- 11.2.11.4. Recent Developments
- 11.2.11.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 11.2.12 Canon Medical Systems Corporation
- 11.2.12.1. Overview
- 11.2.12.2. Products
- 11.2.12.3. SWOT Analysis
- 11.2.12.4. Recent Developments
- 11.2.12.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 11.2.13 Agfa-Gevaert NV
- 11.2.13.1. Overview
- 11.2.13.2. Products
- 11.2.13.3. SWOT Analysis
- 11.2.13.4. Recent Developments
- 11.2.13.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 11.2.14 Shimadzu Corporation
- 11.2.14.1. Overview
- 11.2.14.2. Products
- 11.2.14.3. SWOT Analysis
- 11.2.14.4. Recent Developments
- 11.2.14.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 11.2.15 Fujifilm Holdings Corporation
- 11.2.15.1. Overview
- 11.2.15.2. Products
- 11.2.15.3. SWOT Analysis
- 11.2.15.4. Recent Developments
- 11.2.15.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 11.2.16 Samsung Electronics Co Ltd (Samsung Medison)
- 11.2.16.1. Overview
- 11.2.16.2. Products
- 11.2.16.3. SWOT Analysis
- 11.2.16.4. Recent Developments
- 11.2.16.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 11.2.1 Konica Minolta Inc
List of Figures
- Figure 1: U.S. Digital Radiology Devices Market Revenue Breakdown (Million, %) by Product 2024 & 2032
- Figure 2: U.S. Digital Radiology Devices Market Share (%) by Company 2024
List of Tables
- Table 1: U.S. Digital Radiology Devices Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 2: U.S. Digital Radiology Devices Market Volume K Unit Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 3: U.S. Digital Radiology Devices Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 4: U.S. Digital Radiology Devices Market Volume K Unit Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 5: U.S. Digital Radiology Devices Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Technology 2019 & 2032
- Table 6: U.S. Digital Radiology Devices Market Volume K Unit Forecast, by Technology 2019 & 2032
- Table 7: U.S. Digital Radiology Devices Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Portability 2019 & 2032
- Table 8: U.S. Digital Radiology Devices Market Volume K Unit Forecast, by Portability 2019 & 2032
- Table 9: U.S. Digital Radiology Devices Market Revenue Million Forecast, by End User 2019 & 2032
- Table 10: U.S. Digital Radiology Devices Market Volume K Unit Forecast, by End User 2019 & 2032
- Table 11: U.S. Digital Radiology Devices Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 12: U.S. Digital Radiology Devices Market Volume K Unit Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 13: U.S. Digital Radiology Devices Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 14: U.S. Digital Radiology Devices Market Volume K Unit Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 15: Northeast U.S. Digital Radiology Devices Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 16: Northeast U.S. Digital Radiology Devices Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 17: Southeast U.S. Digital Radiology Devices Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 18: Southeast U.S. Digital Radiology Devices Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 19: Midwest U.S. Digital Radiology Devices Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 20: Midwest U.S. Digital Radiology Devices Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 21: Southwest U.S. Digital Radiology Devices Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 22: Southwest U.S. Digital Radiology Devices Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 23: West U.S. Digital Radiology Devices Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 24: West U.S. Digital Radiology Devices Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 25: U.S. Digital Radiology Devices Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 26: U.S. Digital Radiology Devices Market Volume K Unit Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 27: U.S. Digital Radiology Devices Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Technology 2019 & 2032
- Table 28: U.S. Digital Radiology Devices Market Volume K Unit Forecast, by Technology 2019 & 2032
- Table 29: U.S. Digital Radiology Devices Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Portability 2019 & 2032
- Table 30: U.S. Digital Radiology Devices Market Volume K Unit Forecast, by Portability 2019 & 2032
- Table 31: U.S. Digital Radiology Devices Market Revenue Million Forecast, by End User 2019 & 2032
- Table 32: U.S. Digital Radiology Devices Market Volume K Unit Forecast, by End User 2019 & 2032
- Table 33: U.S. Digital Radiology Devices Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 34: U.S. Digital Radiology Devices Market Volume K Unit Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
Frequently Asked Questions
1. What is the projected Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of the U.S. Digital Radiology Devices Market?
The projected CAGR is approximately 7.79%.
2. Which companies are prominent players in the U.S. Digital Radiology Devices Market?
Key companies in the market include Konica Minolta Inc, Varex Imaging Corporation, Toshiba Corporation, Siemens Healthineers, MinXray Inc, Hologic Inc, Hitachi Ltd, Koninklinje Philips NV (Philips Healthcare), KUB Technologies Inc, Carestream Health, General Electric Company (GE Healthcare), Canon Medical Systems Corporation, Agfa-Gevaert NV, Shimadzu Corporation, Fujifilm Holdings Corporation, Samsung Electronics Co Ltd (Samsung Medison).
3. What are the main segments of the U.S. Digital Radiology Devices Market?
The market segments include Application, Technology, Portability, End User.
4. Can you provide details about the market size?
The market size is estimated to be USD 4.90 Million as of 2022.
5. What are some drivers contributing to market growth?
Increasing Occurrence Levels of Orthopedic Diseases and Cancers; Increasing Number of Serious Injuries; Technological Advancements and Advantages of Digital X-ray Systems Over Conventional X-rays.
6. What are the notable trends driving market growth?
The Direct Radiography Segment is Expected to Witness a High CAGR Over the Forecast Period.
7. Are there any restraints impacting market growth?
High Initial Cost of Installation; New Sales Affected by the Increasing Use of Refurbished Devices.
8. Can you provide examples of recent developments in the market?
In April 2022, Boston Imaging, the United States headquarters of Samsung digital radiography and ultrasound systems, introduces the GM85 Fit, a new configuration of the premium AccE GM85; a digital radiography device featuring a user-centric design that aids in efficient and effective patient care.
9. What pricing options are available for accessing the report?
Pricing options include single-user, multi-user, and enterprise licenses priced at USD 3800, USD 4500, and USD 5800 respectively.
10. Is the market size provided in terms of value or volume?
The market size is provided in terms of value, measured in Million and volume, measured in K Unit.
11. Are there any specific market keywords associated with the report?
Yes, the market keyword associated with the report is "U.S. Digital Radiology Devices Market," which aids in identifying and referencing the specific market segment covered.
12. How do I determine which pricing option suits my needs best?
The pricing options vary based on user requirements and access needs. Individual users may opt for single-user licenses, while businesses requiring broader access may choose multi-user or enterprise licenses for cost-effective access to the report.
13. Are there any additional resources or data provided in the U.S. Digital Radiology Devices Market report?
While the report offers comprehensive insights, it's advisable to review the specific contents or supplementary materials provided to ascertain if additional resources or data are available.
14. How can I stay updated on further developments or reports in the U.S. Digital Radiology Devices Market?
To stay informed about further developments, trends, and reports in the U.S. Digital Radiology Devices Market, consider subscribing to industry newsletters, following relevant companies and organizations, or regularly checking reputable industry news sources and publications.
Methodology
Step 1 - Identification of Relevant Samples Size from Population Database



Step 2 - Approaches for Defining Global Market Size (Value, Volume* & Price*)

Note*: In applicable scenarios
Step 3 - Data Sources
Primary Research
- Web Analytics
- Survey Reports
- Research Institute
- Latest Research Reports
- Opinion Leaders
Secondary Research
- Annual Reports
- White Paper
- Latest Press Release
- Industry Association
- Paid Database
- Investor Presentations

Step 4 - Data Triangulation
Involves using different sources of information in order to increase the validity of a study
These sources are likely to be stakeholders in a program - participants, other researchers, program staff, other community members, and so on.
Then we put all data in single framework & apply various statistical tools to find out the dynamic on the market.
During the analysis stage, feedback from the stakeholder groups would be compared to determine areas of agreement as well as areas of divergence