Key Insights
The used construction equipment market, valued at approximately $XX million in 2025, is experiencing robust growth, projected to expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.80% from 2025 to 2033. This growth is driven by several factors. Firstly, the increasing demand for cost-effective solutions within the construction industry fuels the preference for pre-owned equipment over new purchases. This is especially true for smaller construction firms and projects with limited budgets. Secondly, advancements in refurbishment and maintenance technologies are extending the lifespan and reliability of used equipment, enhancing their attractiveness to buyers. Furthermore, stringent environmental regulations promoting sustainable construction practices are indirectly boosting demand, as refurbished equipment often reduces the overall environmental impact compared to manufacturing entirely new machinery. Finally, the fluctuating prices of raw materials used in new equipment manufacturing can also influence the demand for used alternatives.
However, several factors constrain market growth. The inherent risk associated with purchasing used equipment, including potential mechanical issues and shorter operational lifespans compared to new machines, remains a significant challenge. Fluctuations in the overall construction industry's activity levels directly impact the demand for both new and used equipment. Furthermore, the availability of certified and well-maintained used equipment plays a crucial role; a shortage of reliable sources can hinder market expansion. Despite these challenges, the market's positive growth trajectory reflects the increasing acceptance of used construction equipment as a viable and economical option, particularly in developing economies witnessing rapid infrastructure development. Segmentation reveals strong demand across various equipment types, notably cranes, excavators, and telescopic handlers, with internal combustion engine-powered machines currently dominating the market. However, the growing interest in sustainability is driving a gradual shift towards electric and hybrid drive types. Geographic distribution shows robust growth across Asia-Pacific, driven by significant infrastructure projects, followed by North America and Europe.
This in-depth report provides a comprehensive analysis of the Used Construction Equipment Market, encompassing market dynamics, growth trends, regional segmentation, product landscape, key players, and future outlook. The study period covers 2019-2033, with 2025 as the base and estimated year. The report segments the market by product type (Crane, Telescopic Handler, Excavator, Material Handling Equipment, Loader and Backhoe, Others) and drive type (Internal Combustion Engine, Electric, Hybrid), offering granular insights for strategic decision-making. The total market size in 2025 is estimated at xx Million units.

Used Construction Equipment Market Dynamics & Structure
The used construction equipment market is characterized by a moderately concentrated landscape, with major players like Caterpillar Inc., Komatsu, and Volvo CE holding significant market share. However, the market also features a substantial number of smaller regional players and independent dealers. Technological innovation, particularly in areas like telematics and emission control, is a key driver, although high initial investment costs can act as a barrier for smaller companies. Stringent environmental regulations are shaping the market, favoring fuel-efficient and emission-reducing equipment. The rise of online marketplaces is disrupting traditional sales channels, creating new opportunities for both buyers and sellers. Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) activity is moderate, with larger companies consolidating their market position through acquisitions of smaller players. The market is also influenced by macroeconomic factors such as construction activity levels and economic growth. Substitution with new equipment is limited due to cost and efficiency considerations. The industry is experiencing a shift toward digitalization and data-driven decision-making.
- Market Concentration: Moderately concentrated, with top 5 players holding approximately xx% market share in 2025.
- Technological Innovation: Key drivers include telematics, emission control technologies, and automation.
- Regulatory Framework: Stringent environmental regulations impacting equipment choices and sales.
- Competitive Substitutes: Limited direct substitutes due to high costs of new equipment.
- End-User Demographics: Predominantly construction companies, rental firms, and individual contractors.
- M&A Trends: Moderate M&A activity, primarily driven by consolidation and expansion strategies. xx M&A deals recorded in the last 5 years.
Used Construction Equipment Market Growth Trends & Insights
The used construction equipment market has experienced steady growth over the historical period (2019-2024), driven by factors such as increasing infrastructure development, rising urbanization, and fluctuating new equipment prices. The market is expected to continue its growth trajectory throughout the forecast period (2025-2033), albeit at a potentially moderated pace due to global economic conditions. Adoption rates of used equipment vary across regions and equipment types. Technological disruptions, such as the introduction of electric and hybrid models, are gradually transforming the market. Consumer behavior is shifting towards online platforms for purchasing and rental, influencing market dynamics. The CAGR for the forecast period is estimated at xx%. Market penetration of used equipment is projected to reach xx% by 2033.

Dominant Regions, Countries, or Segments in Used Construction Equipment Market
North America and Europe currently dominate the used construction equipment market, driven by robust construction sectors and high equipment demand. However, rapidly developing economies in Asia-Pacific are emerging as significant growth markets. Within product types, excavators and loaders hold the largest market share, while within drive types, internal combustion engines still dominate, although electric and hybrid options are gaining traction.
- Leading Regions: North America and Europe.
- Key Growth Markets: Asia-Pacific (particularly China and India).
- Dominant Product Types: Excavators and Loaders (holding xx% and xx% of market share respectively in 2025).
- Dominant Drive Type: Internal Combustion Engine (holding xx% market share in 2025).
- Drivers: High infrastructure spending, urbanization, and rising construction activity.
Used Construction Equipment Market Product Landscape
The used construction equipment market offers a diverse range of products, including cranes, excavators, loaders, and material handling equipment. Recent innovations focus on improving fuel efficiency, enhancing safety features, and incorporating advanced technologies like telematics for remote monitoring and diagnostics. Unique selling propositions often center on cost savings compared to new equipment and the availability of a wide range of models and specifications. Technological advancements include the integration of GPS systems, improved hydraulics, and enhanced operator comfort features.
Key Drivers, Barriers & Challenges in Used Construction Equipment Market
Key Drivers:
- Rising infrastructure development globally.
- Increasing urbanization and construction activity.
- Cost-effectiveness of used equipment compared to new equipment.
- Growing demand from rental companies.
Key Challenges:
- Fluctuations in commodity prices impacting equipment costs.
- Stringent emission regulations and their impact on older equipment.
- Concerns regarding equipment reliability and maintenance. Maintenance costs represent approximately xx% of total ownership cost.
- Supply chain disruptions and logistical challenges affecting availability.
Emerging Opportunities in Used Construction Equipment Market
- Expansion into emerging markets with growing infrastructure needs.
- Development of specialized used equipment for niche applications.
- Growth of online marketplaces and digital sales channels.
- Adoption of data analytics and predictive maintenance technologies.
Growth Accelerators in the Used Construction Equipment Market Industry
Technological advancements, strategic partnerships, and market expansion into developing economies are key growth accelerators for the used construction equipment market. The development of innovative financing options and improved supply chain management are also crucial for stimulating market growth.
Key Players Shaping the Used Construction Equipment Market Market
- Kobelco Construction Machinery
- Volvo CE
- Manitou BF
- John Deere & Co
- Caterpillar Inc
- Hitachi Construction Machinery
- Komatsu
- Liebherr International
- Mitsubishi heavy Industries Ltd
- Terex Corporation
Notable Milestones in Used Construction Equipment Market Sector
- January 2021: Launch of Kobelco Used Crane Finder service, expanding market access.
- November 2022: Maxim Crane Works launches Maxim MarketplaceTM, a significant advancement in online used equipment sales.
- December 2022: MyCrane expands to the US market, enhancing online crane rental and sales.
In-Depth Used Construction Equipment Market Market Outlook
The used construction equipment market is poised for continued growth, driven by sustained infrastructure development and the increasing adoption of digital technologies. Strategic partnerships, technological innovations, and expansion into new markets will further fuel this growth. The market is expected to witness significant consolidation, with larger players acquiring smaller companies to enhance their market share and expand their product portfolios. The focus will shift towards sustainable and technologically advanced equipment, leading to higher demand for fuel-efficient and emission-reducing models.
Used Construction Equipment Market Segmentation
-
1. Product Type
- 1.1. Crane
- 1.2. Telescopic Handler
- 1.3. Excavator
- 1.4. Material Handling Equipment
- 1.5. Loader and Backhoe
- 1.6. Others
-
2. Drive Type
- 2.1. Internal Combustion Engine
- 2.2. Electric
- 2.3. Hybrid
Used Construction Equipment Market Segmentation By Geography
- 1. North America
- 2. Europe
- 3. Asia Pacific
- 4. Rest of World

Used Construction Equipment Market REPORT HIGHLIGHTS
Aspects | Details |
---|---|
Study Period | 2019-2033 |
Base Year | 2024 |
Estimated Year | 2025 |
Forecast Period | 2025-2033 |
Historical Period | 2019-2024 |
Growth Rate | CAGR of 5.80% from 2019-2033 |
Segmentation |
|
Table of Contents
- 1. Introduction
- 1.1. Research Scope
- 1.2. Market Segmentation
- 1.3. Research Methodology
- 1.4. Definitions and Assumptions
- 2. Executive Summary
- 2.1. Introduction
- 3. Market Dynamics
- 3.1. Introduction
- 3.2. Market Drivers
- 3.2.1. Growing Sales of Forklift; Others
- 3.3. Market Restrains
- 3.3.1. Supply Chain Disruption; Others
- 3.4. Market Trends
- 3.4.1. High Cost of New Construction Equipment is driving the growth of the market
- 4. Market Factor Analysis
- 4.1. Porters Five Forces
- 4.2. Supply/Value Chain
- 4.3. PESTEL analysis
- 4.4. Market Entropy
- 4.5. Patent/Trademark Analysis
- 5. Global Used Construction Equipment Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 5.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Product Type
- 5.1.1. Crane
- 5.1.2. Telescopic Handler
- 5.1.3. Excavator
- 5.1.4. Material Handling Equipment
- 5.1.5. Loader and Backhoe
- 5.1.6. Others
- 5.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Drive Type
- 5.2.1. Internal Combustion Engine
- 5.2.2. Electric
- 5.2.3. Hybrid
- 5.3. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Region
- 5.3.1. North America
- 5.3.2. Europe
- 5.3.3. Asia Pacific
- 5.3.4. Rest of World
- 5.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Product Type
- 6. North America Used Construction Equipment Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 6.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Product Type
- 6.1.1. Crane
- 6.1.2. Telescopic Handler
- 6.1.3. Excavator
- 6.1.4. Material Handling Equipment
- 6.1.5. Loader and Backhoe
- 6.1.6. Others
- 6.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Drive Type
- 6.2.1. Internal Combustion Engine
- 6.2.2. Electric
- 6.2.3. Hybrid
- 6.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Product Type
- 7. Europe Used Construction Equipment Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 7.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Product Type
- 7.1.1. Crane
- 7.1.2. Telescopic Handler
- 7.1.3. Excavator
- 7.1.4. Material Handling Equipment
- 7.1.5. Loader and Backhoe
- 7.1.6. Others
- 7.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Drive Type
- 7.2.1. Internal Combustion Engine
- 7.2.2. Electric
- 7.2.3. Hybrid
- 7.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Product Type
- 8. Asia Pacific Used Construction Equipment Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 8.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Product Type
- 8.1.1. Crane
- 8.1.2. Telescopic Handler
- 8.1.3. Excavator
- 8.1.4. Material Handling Equipment
- 8.1.5. Loader and Backhoe
- 8.1.6. Others
- 8.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Drive Type
- 8.2.1. Internal Combustion Engine
- 8.2.2. Electric
- 8.2.3. Hybrid
- 8.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Product Type
- 9. Rest of World Used Construction Equipment Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 9.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Product Type
- 9.1.1. Crane
- 9.1.2. Telescopic Handler
- 9.1.3. Excavator
- 9.1.4. Material Handling Equipment
- 9.1.5. Loader and Backhoe
- 9.1.6. Others
- 9.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Drive Type
- 9.2.1. Internal Combustion Engine
- 9.2.2. Electric
- 9.2.3. Hybrid
- 9.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Product Type
- 10. North America Used Construction Equipment Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 10.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - By Country/Sub-region
- 10.1.1.
- 11. Europe Used Construction Equipment Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 11.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - By Country/Sub-region
- 11.1.1.
- 12. Asia Pacific Used Construction Equipment Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 12.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - By Country/Sub-region
- 12.1.1.
- 13. Rest of World Used Construction Equipment Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 13.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - By Country/Sub-region
- 13.1.1.
- 14. Competitive Analysis
- 14.1. Global Market Share Analysis 2024
- 14.2. Company Profiles
- 14.2.1 Kobelco Construction Machinery
- 14.2.1.1. Overview
- 14.2.1.2. Products
- 14.2.1.3. SWOT Analysis
- 14.2.1.4. Recent Developments
- 14.2.1.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 14.2.2 Volvo CE
- 14.2.2.1. Overview
- 14.2.2.2. Products
- 14.2.2.3. SWOT Analysis
- 14.2.2.4. Recent Developments
- 14.2.2.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 14.2.3 Manitou BF
- 14.2.3.1. Overview
- 14.2.3.2. Products
- 14.2.3.3. SWOT Analysis
- 14.2.3.4. Recent Developments
- 14.2.3.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 14.2.4 John Deere & Co
- 14.2.4.1. Overview
- 14.2.4.2. Products
- 14.2.4.3. SWOT Analysis
- 14.2.4.4. Recent Developments
- 14.2.4.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 14.2.5 Caterpillar Inc
- 14.2.5.1. Overview
- 14.2.5.2. Products
- 14.2.5.3. SWOT Analysis
- 14.2.5.4. Recent Developments
- 14.2.5.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 14.2.6 Hitachi Construction Machiner
- 14.2.6.1. Overview
- 14.2.6.2. Products
- 14.2.6.3. SWOT Analysis
- 14.2.6.4. Recent Developments
- 14.2.6.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 14.2.7 Komatsu
- 14.2.7.1. Overview
- 14.2.7.2. Products
- 14.2.7.3. SWOT Analysis
- 14.2.7.4. Recent Developments
- 14.2.7.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 14.2.8 Liebherr International
- 14.2.8.1. Overview
- 14.2.8.2. Products
- 14.2.8.3. SWOT Analysis
- 14.2.8.4. Recent Developments
- 14.2.8.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 14.2.9 Mitsubishi heavy Industries Ltd
- 14.2.9.1. Overview
- 14.2.9.2. Products
- 14.2.9.3. SWOT Analysis
- 14.2.9.4. Recent Developments
- 14.2.9.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 14.2.10 Terex Corporation
- 14.2.10.1. Overview
- 14.2.10.2. Products
- 14.2.10.3. SWOT Analysis
- 14.2.10.4. Recent Developments
- 14.2.10.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 14.2.1 Kobelco Construction Machinery
List of Figures
- Figure 1: Global Used Construction Equipment Market Revenue Breakdown (Million, %) by Region 2024 & 2032
- Figure 2: North America Used Construction Equipment Market Revenue (Million), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 3: North America Used Construction Equipment Market Revenue Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 4: Europe Used Construction Equipment Market Revenue (Million), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 5: Europe Used Construction Equipment Market Revenue Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 6: Asia Pacific Used Construction Equipment Market Revenue (Million), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 7: Asia Pacific Used Construction Equipment Market Revenue Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 8: Rest of World Used Construction Equipment Market Revenue (Million), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 9: Rest of World Used Construction Equipment Market Revenue Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 10: North America Used Construction Equipment Market Revenue (Million), by Product Type 2024 & 2032
- Figure 11: North America Used Construction Equipment Market Revenue Share (%), by Product Type 2024 & 2032
- Figure 12: North America Used Construction Equipment Market Revenue (Million), by Drive Type 2024 & 2032
- Figure 13: North America Used Construction Equipment Market Revenue Share (%), by Drive Type 2024 & 2032
- Figure 14: North America Used Construction Equipment Market Revenue (Million), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 15: North America Used Construction Equipment Market Revenue Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 16: Europe Used Construction Equipment Market Revenue (Million), by Product Type 2024 & 2032
- Figure 17: Europe Used Construction Equipment Market Revenue Share (%), by Product Type 2024 & 2032
- Figure 18: Europe Used Construction Equipment Market Revenue (Million), by Drive Type 2024 & 2032
- Figure 19: Europe Used Construction Equipment Market Revenue Share (%), by Drive Type 2024 & 2032
- Figure 20: Europe Used Construction Equipment Market Revenue (Million), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 21: Europe Used Construction Equipment Market Revenue Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 22: Asia Pacific Used Construction Equipment Market Revenue (Million), by Product Type 2024 & 2032
- Figure 23: Asia Pacific Used Construction Equipment Market Revenue Share (%), by Product Type 2024 & 2032
- Figure 24: Asia Pacific Used Construction Equipment Market Revenue (Million), by Drive Type 2024 & 2032
- Figure 25: Asia Pacific Used Construction Equipment Market Revenue Share (%), by Drive Type 2024 & 2032
- Figure 26: Asia Pacific Used Construction Equipment Market Revenue (Million), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 27: Asia Pacific Used Construction Equipment Market Revenue Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 28: Rest of World Used Construction Equipment Market Revenue (Million), by Product Type 2024 & 2032
- Figure 29: Rest of World Used Construction Equipment Market Revenue Share (%), by Product Type 2024 & 2032
- Figure 30: Rest of World Used Construction Equipment Market Revenue (Million), by Drive Type 2024 & 2032
- Figure 31: Rest of World Used Construction Equipment Market Revenue Share (%), by Drive Type 2024 & 2032
- Figure 32: Rest of World Used Construction Equipment Market Revenue (Million), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 33: Rest of World Used Construction Equipment Market Revenue Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
List of Tables
- Table 1: Global Used Construction Equipment Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 2: Global Used Construction Equipment Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Product Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 3: Global Used Construction Equipment Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Drive Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 4: Global Used Construction Equipment Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 5: Global Used Construction Equipment Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 6: Used Construction Equipment Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 7: Global Used Construction Equipment Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 8: Used Construction Equipment Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 9: Global Used Construction Equipment Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 10: Used Construction Equipment Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 11: Global Used Construction Equipment Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 12: Used Construction Equipment Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 13: Global Used Construction Equipment Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Product Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 14: Global Used Construction Equipment Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Drive Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 15: Global Used Construction Equipment Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 16: Global Used Construction Equipment Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Product Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 17: Global Used Construction Equipment Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Drive Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 18: Global Used Construction Equipment Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 19: Global Used Construction Equipment Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Product Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 20: Global Used Construction Equipment Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Drive Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 21: Global Used Construction Equipment Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 22: Global Used Construction Equipment Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Product Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 23: Global Used Construction Equipment Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Drive Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 24: Global Used Construction Equipment Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
Frequently Asked Questions
1. What is the projected Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of the Used Construction Equipment Market?
The projected CAGR is approximately 5.80%.
2. Which companies are prominent players in the Used Construction Equipment Market?
Key companies in the market include Kobelco Construction Machinery, Volvo CE, Manitou BF, John Deere & Co, Caterpillar Inc, Hitachi Construction Machiner, Komatsu, Liebherr International, Mitsubishi heavy Industries Ltd, Terex Corporation.
3. What are the main segments of the Used Construction Equipment Market?
The market segments include Product Type, Drive Type.
4. Can you provide details about the market size?
The market size is estimated to be USD XX Million as of 2022.
5. What are some drivers contributing to market growth?
Growing Sales of Forklift; Others.
6. What are the notable trends driving market growth?
High Cost of New Construction Equipment is driving the growth of the market.
7. Are there any restraints impacting market growth?
Supply Chain Disruption; Others.
8. Can you provide examples of recent developments in the market?
December 2022: MyCrane, a Dubai-based online crane rental service, has opened a branch in the United States. It is a new digital platform launched to disrupt and streamline the crane rental procurement process. It also provides the option to buy and sell cranes.
9. What pricing options are available for accessing the report?
Pricing options include single-user, multi-user, and enterprise licenses priced at USD 4750, USD 5250, and USD 8750 respectively.
10. Is the market size provided in terms of value or volume?
The market size is provided in terms of value, measured in Million.
11. Are there any specific market keywords associated with the report?
Yes, the market keyword associated with the report is "Used Construction Equipment Market," which aids in identifying and referencing the specific market segment covered.
12. How do I determine which pricing option suits my needs best?
The pricing options vary based on user requirements and access needs. Individual users may opt for single-user licenses, while businesses requiring broader access may choose multi-user or enterprise licenses for cost-effective access to the report.
13. Are there any additional resources or data provided in the Used Construction Equipment Market report?
While the report offers comprehensive insights, it's advisable to review the specific contents or supplementary materials provided to ascertain if additional resources or data are available.
14. How can I stay updated on further developments or reports in the Used Construction Equipment Market?
To stay informed about further developments, trends, and reports in the Used Construction Equipment Market, consider subscribing to industry newsletters, following relevant companies and organizations, or regularly checking reputable industry news sources and publications.
Methodology
Step 1 - Identification of Relevant Samples Size from Population Database



Step 2 - Approaches for Defining Global Market Size (Value, Volume* & Price*)

Note*: In applicable scenarios
Step 3 - Data Sources
Primary Research
- Web Analytics
- Survey Reports
- Research Institute
- Latest Research Reports
- Opinion Leaders
Secondary Research
- Annual Reports
- White Paper
- Latest Press Release
- Industry Association
- Paid Database
- Investor Presentations

Step 4 - Data Triangulation
Involves using different sources of information in order to increase the validity of a study
These sources are likely to be stakeholders in a program - participants, other researchers, program staff, other community members, and so on.
Then we put all data in single framework & apply various statistical tools to find out the dynamic on the market.
During the analysis stage, feedback from the stakeholder groups would be compared to determine areas of agreement as well as areas of divergence